Geohashing

 Geohashing /ˈdʒiːoʊˌhæʃɪŋ/ is an outdoor recreational activity inspired by the webcomic xkcd, in which participants have to reach a random location (chosen by a computer algorithm), prove their achievement by taking a picture of a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver or another mobile device and then tell the story of their trip online. Proof based on non-electronic navigation is also acceptable.

рuzzlehunt

 A puzzle hunt (sometimes рuzzlehunt) is an event where teams compete to solve a series of puzzles, many of which are tied together via metapuzzles. Puzzlehunt puzzles are usually not accompanied by direct instructions for how to solve them; figuring out the necessary approach is part of the puzzle. These hunts may be hosted at a particular location, in multiple locations, or via the internet.

bifurcation lake

 A bifurcation lake is a lake that has outflows into two different drainage basins and thus the drainage divide cannot be defined exactly because it is situated in the middle of the lake. 

 

Peeler Lake in California's Hoover Wilderness is a natural bifurcated lake that lies along the Great Basin Divide. It has two outlets, one of which drains east into the Great Basin, and one of which drains west to the Pacific Ocean.

Valeriepieris circle

 

The Valeriepieris circle is a South China Sea-centered circular region on the world map that is about 4,000 kilometers (2,500 mi) in radius (roughly 6.7% of the Earth's total surface area) and contains more than half the world’s population. It was named after the Reddit username of Ken Myers, a Texas English as a second language teacher who first drew attention to the phenomenon in 2013. The map became a meme and was featured in numerous forms of media.

In 2015, the circle was tested by Danny Quah, who verified the claim but moved the circle slightly to exclude most of Japan, and used a globe model rather than a map projection as well as more specific calculations. He calculated that, as of 2015, half of the world's population lived within a 3,300-kilometer (2,050 mi) radius of the city of Mong Khet in Myanmar.

In 2022, the original circle was tested by Riaz Shah, Professor of Practice at Hult International Business School. Using data from the UN World Population Prospects of September 2022 he showed that 4.2bn people live inside the circle, out of 8.0bn total.

The most common visual of the circle, originally used by Myers and also featured by io9 and Tech in Asia, used the Winkel tripel projection. 

 

fjeld

 

fjeld (plural fjelds)

1. (geography) A rocky, barren plateau, especially in Scandinavia.

CDMX

 Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México, locally [sjuˈða(ð) ðe ˈmexiko] abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: Altepetl Mexico) is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America.

 

tepui

 

A tepui /ˈtɛpwi/, or tepuy (Spanish: [teˈpuj]), is a table-top mountain or mesa found in South America, especially in Venezuela and western Guyana. The word tepui means "house of the gods" in the native tongue of the Pemon, the indigenous people who inhabit the Gran Sabana.

Tepuis tend to be found as isolated entities rather than in connected ranges, which makes them the host of a unique array of endemic plant and animal species. Some of the most outstanding tepuis are Auyantepui, Autana, Neblina, and Mount Roraima. They are typically composed of sheer blocks of Precambrian quartz arenite sandstone that rise abruptly from the jungle, giving rise to spectacular natural scenery. Auyantepui is the source of Angel Falls, the world's tallest waterfall. 

 

pantropical

 

A pantropical ("all tropics") distribution is one which covers tropical regions of both hemispheres.  Examples include caecilians, modern sirenians and the plant genera Acacia and Bacopa.

Neotropical is a zoogeographic term that covers a large part of the Americas, roughly from Mexico and the Caribbean southwards (including cold regions in southernmost South America).

Palaeotropical refers to geographical occurrence. For a distribution to be palaeotropical a taxon must occur in tropical regions in the Old World. 

 

Downland

 Downland, chalkland, chalk downs or just downs are areas of open chalk hills, such as the North Downs. This term is used to describe the characteristic landscape in southern England where chalk is exposed at the surface. The name "downs" is derived from the Old English word dun, meaning "hill".

 

knickpoint

 In geomorphology, a knickpoint or nickpoint is part of a river or channel where there is a sharp change in channel slope, such as a waterfall or lake. Knickpoints reflect different conditions and processes on the river, often caused by previous erosion due to glaciation or variance in lithology. In the cycle of erosion model, knickpoints advance one cycle upstream, or inland, replacing an older cycle.

A knickpoint that occurs at the head (furthest upstream extent) of a channel is called a headcut. Headcuts resulting in headward erosion are hallmarks of unstable expanding drainage features such as actively eroding gullies.

skerry

 

A skerry is a small rocky island, or islet, usually too small for human habitation. It may simply be a rocky reef. A skerry can also be called a low sea stack.

A skerry may have vegetative life such as moss and small, hardy grasses. They are often used as resting places by animals such as seals and birds. 

 

Transpontine

 Transpontine: on the far side of a bridge

exogeny

In a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity (from Greek ἔξω éxō 'outside' and -γένεια -géneia 'to produce') is the fact of an action or object originating externally. It contrasts with endogeneity or endogeny, the fact of being influenced within a system.

cisatlantic

cisatlanticay

adjective  cis·at·lan·tic \-at-ˈlan-tik, -ət-\

of, relating to, or characteristic of the side of the Atlantic Ocean regarded as the near side

cisgangetic

adjective  cis·gangetic \¦sis+

situated on the western side of the Ganges river

skerry

A skerry is a small rocky island, usually defined to be too small for habitation; it may simply be a rocky reef. A skerry can also be called a low sea stack.
The term skerry is derived from the Old Norse sker, which means a rock in the sea. The Old Norse term sker was brought into the English language via the Scots language word spelled skerrie or skerry. It is a cognate of the Scandinavian languages' words for skerry – Icelandic, Faroese: sker, Danish: skær, Swedish: skär, Norwegian: skjær / skjer, found also in German: Schäre, Finnish "kari", Estonian: skäär, Latvian: šēra and Russian: шхеры (shkhery). In Scottish Gaelic, it appears as sgeir, e.g. Sula Sgeir, in Irish as sceir, and in Manx as skeyr. The word is also probably related to the Italian word scoglio, sharing the same meaning.

coterminous

coterminous (comparative more coterminous, superlative most coterminous)

1. (of property leases) Linked or related and expiring together.
2. (of regions or properties) Having matching boundaries; or, adjoining and sharing a boundary.

   New York City's borough of Brooklyn and New York State's Kings County are coterminous.

   To get a building warrant he had to show the plans to "coterminous proprietors", neighbours with whom his property shared a boundary.

3. Having the same scope, range of meaning, or extent in time.
4. Meeting end to end or at the ends.

anatopism

anatopism (plural anatopisms)

1. (rare) A thing that is out of its proper place; the geographic counterpart to anachronism.

   A war elephant described rampaging through Tenochtitlan in a novel about the Aztec Empire would be an anatopism.

littoral zone

The littoral zone is the part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore. In coastal environments the littoral zone extends from the high water mark, which is rarely inundated, to shoreline areas that are permanently submerged. It always includes this intertidal zone and is often used to mean the same as the intertidal zone. However, the meaning of "littoral zone" can extend well beyond the intertidal zone.


There is no single definition. What is regarded as the full extent of the littoral zone, and the way the littoral zone is divided into subregions, varies in different contexts (lakes and rivers have their own definitions). The use of the term also varies from one part of the world to another, and between different disciplines. For example, military commanders speak of the littoral in ways that are quite different from marine biologists.

Subantarctic

The Subantarctic is a region in the southern hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° – 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence. Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition, located on islands within the subantarctic region. All glaciers located on the continent of Antarctica are by definition considered to be Antarctic glaciers.