Thaler

The Thaler (or Taler or Talir) was a silver coin used throughout Europe for almost four hundred years. Its name lives on in various currencies as the dollar or tolar. Etymologically, "Thaler" is an abbreviation of "Joachimsthaler", a coin type from the city of Joachimsthal in Bohemia, where some of the first such coins were minted in 1518. (Thal, pronounced 'tall', is German for "dale" or "dell"; they all mean "valley". Therefore a "thaler" is a person or a thing "from the valley".)

Georgism

Georgism, named after Henry George (1839-1897) is a philosophy and economic ideology that holds that everyone owns what they create, but that everything found in nature, most importantly land, belongs equally to all of humanity. Georgism is also referred to as geoism, by those who feel a more generic term is desirable. The Georgist philosophy is usually associated with the idea of a single tax on land.

kharaj

In Islamic law, kharaj is a tax on agricultural land. Kharaj has no basis in the Qur'an or hadith, being rather the product of ijma, consensus of Islamic scholars, and urf, Islamic tradition.

chrysargyron

In the Eastern Roman Empire, chrysargyron, also called chrysargyrum or collatio lustralis, was an unpopular tax levied every four years, on people of all stations, rich and poor, slaves and freemen; even on animals and pets. It was collected during the first hundred and seventy years of the Eastern Roman Empire. The term originated from the Greek words for gold (χρυσος) and silver (αργυρος), which initially were the required forms of payment.

prorating

prorating: To divide, distribute, or assess proportionately.