downgrading

downgrading: A downgrade; a reduction of a rating, as a financial or credit rating.

tárogató

The tárogató (plural tárogatók, töröksíp, Turkish pipe or, anglicized, tárogatós; Romanian: taragot) refers to two different Hungarian woodwind instruments: the ancient tárogató and the modern (or modified) tárogató. The modern tárogató was intended to be a recreation of the original tárogató, but the two instruments are thought to have little in common.

thoroughgoing

thoroughgoing: Complete; thorough; full; with great attention to detail.

mesoderm

mesoderm: One of the three tissue layers in the embryo of a metazoan animal. Through development, it will produce the muscles of the adult.

expostulation

expostulation: The act of reasoning earnestly in order to dissuade or remonstrate.

dislocation

In syntax, dislocation is a sentence structure in which a constituent which could otherwise be either an argument or an adjunct of the clause occurs outside the clause boundaries either to its left or to its right as in English They went to the store, Mary and Peter.

The dislocated element is often separated by a pause (comma in writing) from the rest of the sentence. Its place within the clause is often occupied by a pronoun (e.g. they).

Apposition

Apposition is a grammatical construction in which two elements, normally noun phrases, are placed side by side, with one element serving to define or modify the other. When this device is used, the two elements are said to be in apposition. For example in the phrase "my friend Alice" the name "Alice" is in apposition to "my friend".